Central government debt

% of GDP. Ranking of 48 countries with data from 2021 to 2024. Series code GC.DOD.TOTL.GD.ZS.

Medians

World	53.2%
Upper middle income	48.9%
High income	68.4%
Low income	58.1%
Lower middle income	45.1%
Europe & Central Asia	40.0%
East Asia & Pacific	52.0%
Latin America & Caribbean	71.2%
Sub-Saharan Africa	58.1%
North America	90.0%
Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	93.6%
South Asia	39.9%

Ranking

Rank 1 is the highest value. It does not mean best or worst.

Filter by country, region or income group

Rank	Country	Value	Year	5-yr change	Z-score	Region	Income group
1	Singapore	167.8%	2024	+39.9 pp	+1.5	East Asia & Pacific	High income
2	United Kingdom	130.7%	2024	−28.2 pp	−1.5	Europe & Central Asia	High income
3	United States	115.8%	2024	+15.6 pp	+0.9	North America	High income
4	El Salvador	107.3%	2024	+53.4 pp	+2.7	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
5	Spain	105.6%	2024	−5.7 pp	−0.6	Europe & Central Asia	High income
6	San Marino	99.9%	2023	+43.9 pp	+1.5	Europe & Central Asia	High income
7	Jordan	93.6%	2023	+21.0 pp	+2.0	Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan	Upper middle income
8	South Africa	82.8%	2024	+18.2 pp	+1.6	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
9	Hungary	82.0%	2024	−2.6 pp	−1.2	Europe & Central Asia	High income
10	Brazil	81.9%	2024	−10.7 pp	+0.1	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
11	Iceland	80.1%	2023	−0.6 pp	−1.1	Europe & Central Asia	High income
12	Mozambique	71.8%	2024	−7.1 pp	−1.2	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
13	Bahamas, The	71.5%	2024	+14.8 pp	+0.6	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
14	Zambia	71.4%	2021	+25.0 pp	+0.9	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
15	Colombia	71.2%	2024	−1.5 pp	+0.2	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
16	Vanuatu	67.9%	2023	–	–	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
17	Uruguay	65.3%	2024	+15.2 pp	+2.1	Latin America & Caribbean	High income
18	Malaysia	64.6%	2024	+12.1 pp	+1.5	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
19	Burkina Faso	64.2%	2024	+17.1 pp	+0.6	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
20	Canada	64.1%	2024	+10.8 pp	+0.7	North America	High income
21	Thailand	61.9%	2024	+23.2 pp	+1.4	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
22	Malawi	61.8%	2023	+20.1 pp	+2.4	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
23	Australia	57.9%	2022	+4.8 pp	+0.5	East Asia & Pacific	High income
24	Uganda	54.4%	2024	+16.0 pp	+1.0	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
25	Papua New Guinea	52.0%	2024	+11.9 pp	+1.2	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
26	New Zealand	52.0%	2024	+19.2 pp	+1.2	East Asia & Pacific	High income
27	Cambodia	50.3%	2023	–	–	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
28	Mexico	50.3%	2024	+8.9 pp	+3.4	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
29	Albania	50.0%	2024	−24.8 pp	−2.1	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
30	Armenia	47.9%	2024	−2.1 pp	−0.8	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
31	Korea, Rep.	47.8%	2024	+10.1 pp	+1.4	East Asia & Pacific	High income
32	Mongolia	43.3%	2024	−17.5 pp	–	East Asia & Pacific	Upper middle income
33	Georgia	40.1%	2024	−4.6 pp	−0.3	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
34	Andorra	40.0%	2024	+1.1 pp	−0.9	Europe & Central Asia	High income
35	Nepal	39.9%	2021	–	–	South Asia	Lower middle income
36	Bosnia and Herzegovina	39.7%	2024	−4.3 pp	−1.5	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
37	Kyrgyz Republic	38.7%	2024	−12.6 pp	−1.8	Europe & Central Asia	Lower middle income
38	Moldova	37.5%	2024	+12.0 pp	+1.7	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
39	Eswatini	35.7%	2021	+15.2 pp	+1.6	Sub-Saharan Africa	Lower middle income
40	Peru	35.2%	2021	+11.5 pp	+2.4	Latin America & Caribbean	Upper middle income
41	Solomon Islands	26.0%	2024	+18.3 pp	+2.9	East Asia & Pacific	Lower middle income
42	Turkiye	25.5%	2024	−7.9 pp	−1.6	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
43	Switzerland	22.3%	2024	+3.7 pp	+2.9	Europe & Central Asia	High income
44	Kazakhstan	20.9%	2023	−1.1 pp	+0.6	Europe & Central Asia	Upper middle income
45	Botswana	19.7%	2023	+4.5 pp	+1.1	Sub-Saharan Africa	Upper middle income
46	Russian Federation	17.9%	2024	+0.6 pp	+0.2	Europe & Central Asia	High income
47	Congo, Dem. Rep.	14.9%	2022	–	–	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income
48	Somalia, Fed. Rep.	12.7%	2024	−34.6 pp	–	Sub-Saharan Africa	Low income

45 further countries have data for this indicator but nothing recent enough to rank.

How the advanced metrics are calculated. Change: latest value minus the value 5 or 10 years earlier, using the nearest observation within two years where the exact year is missing (percentage points for % series). CAGR: (latest ÷ earlier value)^(1 ÷ years between) − 1 over about 10 years, shown only for positive levels such as income and population. Volatility: standard deviation of the 10 observations before the latest. Z-score: how many standard deviations the latest value sits from that 10-year mean. Rank: among countries whose latest value is within 3 years of the newest year for that indicator; 1 is the highest value. Peer medians: the same group of recent values, split by income group, region and world. Share of high-income median: the country's value as a percentage of the median high-income country in the same year, compared with 10 years earlier. A rising share means the country is catching up; it is arithmetic about the past, not a forecast.

Source. World Bank, World Development Indicators (datacatalog.worldbank.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data retrieved 2026-11-11. Some series are compiled by third parties such as the ILO and UN agencies and are subject to those sources' notes.

Changes made. ECONDEX has calculated all changes, growth rates, volatility, z-scores, ranks, peer medians and charts. The World Bank did not prepare, review or endorse them.

Read with care. The latest figure for each country is often one to three years old and different countries report different years. Some figures are modelled estimates. Ranks compare countries on values from different years and are not judgements of performance. Country names, groupings and boundaries follow World Bank usage and imply no view on the legal status of any territory.

Not advice. For information only. This is not investment, financial, legal or policy advice. Do not rely on it for decisions without checking the source.