ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Nepal

South Asia. Lower middle income. Capital: Kathmandu. Population 29,618,118 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
2,109 3,661 5,212 1995 2025 5,277
GDP growth (%)
−2.1 3.3 8.8 1995 2025 4.4
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
2.4 6.8 11.1 1995 2025 2.7
Life expectancy at birth (years)
59.5 65.0 70.4 1995 2024 70.6

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 5,277 2025 +864 +1,532 159 of 199
GDP growth% 4.4% 2025 +6.8 pp +0.5 pp 64 of 209
GDP per person growth% 4.5% 2025 +8.8 pp +1.1 pp 36 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 1,570 2025 +380 +700 172 of 201
Trade% of GDP 42.6% 2025 +1.6 pp −4.1 pp 156 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 0.1% 2025 −0.3 pp −0.1 pp 172 of 195
Central government debt% of GDP 39.9% 2021 – +6.1 pp 35 of 48

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 2.7% 2025 −2.4 pp −5.2 pp 100 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 10.5% 2025 −2.6 pp −0.2 pp 36 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 29,618,118 2025 +651,544 +1,794,489 52 of 217
Population growth% annual −0.1% 2025 −2.0 pp −0.7 pp 179 of 217
Urban population% of total 67.0% 2025 +0.9 pp +2.0 pp 99 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 70.6 2024 +1.3 +2.8 150 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 22.2 2024 −4.9 −11.7 64 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 6.2% 2023 +1.6 pp +1.5 pp 100 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 68.7% 2019 * +3.2 pp +13.2 pp –
Government spending on education% of GDP 3.7% 2024 −0.2 pp +0.2 pp 104 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 46.3% 2024 +13.0 pp +30.9 pp 151 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 97.9% 2024 +8.0 pp +13.0 pp 142 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 30.0 2022 – −2.8 66 of 85
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 2.4% 2022 – −19.7 pp 31 of 85

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 73.7% 2021 −5.7 pp −13.3 pp 24 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 4,417 +1.9 6,095 12,311 446 +3.5% 11% 8%
GDP growth 4.1% +0.1 4.3% 5.6% 3.4 – – –
GDP per person growth 3.4% +0.3 2.7% 5.8% 3.7 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 1,179 +1.8 2,750 3,575 223 +6.1% 4% 3%
Trade 44.6% −0.6 69.0% 44.4% 3.5 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 0.3% −1.3 1.9% 0.7% 0.2 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 5.8% −1.6 3.6% 3.1% 1.9 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 11.0% −0.6 5.1% 4.1% 0.9 – – –
Population 28,778,679 +1.1 12,348,573 25,687,059 802,631 +0.6% 1,011% 1,059%
Population growth 0.7% −1.1 1.7% 0.5% 0.7 – – –
Urban population 65.9% +1.9 50.9% 39.1% 0.6 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 68.9 +1.9 67.9 74.1 0.9 – – –
Infant mortality 28.0 −1.6 28.7 18.0 3.7 – – –
Health spending 5.2% +1.6 4.5% 4.0% 0.6 – – –
Government spending on education 4.0% −0.8 4.0% 3.9% 0.5 – – –
Internet users 30.9% +1.4 57.9% 62.3% 11.3 – – –
Access to electricity 89.3% +2.3 88.7% 100.0% 3.8 – – –
Renewable energy 80.9% −1.4 42.5% 41.9% 5.0 – – –

Compare Nepal with other countries