ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Mongolia

East Asia & Pacific. Upper middle income. Capital: Ulaanbaatar. Population 3,568,978 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
5,704 11,616 17,527 1995 2025 17,773
GDP growth (%)
−4.1 6.4 16.9 1995 2025 6.8
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
5.2 25.8 46.4 1995 2025 8.6
Life expectancy at birth (years)
61.1 66.6 72.2 1995 2024 72.4

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 17,773 2025 +2,971 +3,798 102 of 199
GDP growth% 6.8% 2025 +11.4 pp +4.5 pp 21 of 209
GDP per person growth% 5.5% 2025 +11.8 pp +5.3 pp 22 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 6,210 2025 +2,520 +2,440 118 of 201
Trade% of GDP 130.7% 2025 +17.9 pp +41.1 pp 33 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 10.8% 2025 −2.1 pp +10.0 pp 15 of 195
Central government debt% of GDP 43.3% 2024 −17.5 pp – 32 of 48

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 8.6% 2025 +4.9 pp +2.9 pp 27 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 5.2% 2025 −1.2 pp +0.4 pp 92 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 3,568,978 2025 +241,774 +542,114 132 of 217
Population growth% annual 1.2% 2025 −0.6 pp −0.9 pp 83 of 217
Urban population% of total 71.1% 2025 +3.1 pp +3.1 pp 85 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 72.4 2024 +1.3 +1.8 134 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 11.2 2024 −1.6 −5.3 106 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 6.1% 2023 +1.5 pp +2.0 pp 102 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 98.6% 2024 +0.2 pp – 15 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 5.2% 2024 +1.1 pp +0.5 pp 48 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 85.1% 2024 +34.0 pp +65.2 pp 83 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 99.1% 2024 +0.2 pp +13.1 pp 134 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 31.4 2022 −1.3 −2.4 60 of 85
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 0.4% 2022 −1.3 pp −0.7 pp 63 of 85

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 3.0% 2021 −0.4 pp −1.0 pp 174 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 15,126 +2.8 17,730 13,961 955 +2.4% 36% 31%
GDP growth 3.8% +0.9 3.2% 3.6% 3.7 – – –
GDP per person growth 2.0% +1.0 3.2% 3.4% 3.7 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 3,985 +3.3 7,775 7,690 676 +5.1% 17% 14%
Trade 120.7% +0.6 79.8% 98.8% 16.8 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 7.3% +0.2 2.4% 2.1% 16.2 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 6.8% +0.5 3.3% 2.1% 3.9 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 6.3% −0.8 5.5% 3.0% 1.3 – – –
Population 3,289,112 +1.7 6,549,143 1,418,517 169,733 +1.7% 122% 115%
Population growth 1.7% −1.7 0.5% 0.6% 0.3 – – –
Urban population 68.8% +2.0 65.4% 65.4% 1.2 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 71.1 +2.1 74.5 73.0 0.6 – – –
Infant mortality 13.5 −1.3 11.2 13.9 1.8 – – –
Health spending 5.1% +0.6 6.2% 5.9% 1.6 – – –
Adult literacy rate 98.5% +0.1 94.8% 95.8% 0.8 – – –
Government spending on education 4.4% +1.4 4.1% 4.2% 0.6 – – –
Internet users 49.6% +1.3 82.0% 84.6% 26.6 – – –
Access to electricity 95.5% +0.7 100.0% 100.0% 5.4 – – –
Renewable energy 2.9% +0.1 13.8% 11.4% 0.7 – – –

Compare Mongolia with other countries