ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Tonga

East Asia & Pacific. Upper middle income. Capital: Nuku'alofa. Population 103,742 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
5,494 6,434 7,374 1995 2025 7,413
GDP growth (%)
−4.9 0.8 6.5 1995 2025 2.8
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
−0.8 5.3 11.4 1995 2025 5.6
Life expectancy at birth (years)
68.7 70.8 73.0 1995 2024 73.1

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 7,413 2025 +432 +1,217 146 of 199
GDP growth% 2.8% 2025 +1.0 pp +1.7 pp 122 of 209
GDP per person growth% 3.2% 2025 +1.5 pp +1.6 pp 73 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 6,840 2025 +1,630 +2,620 112 of 201
Trade% of GDP 77.6% 2024 −10.5 pp +2.8 pp 101 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 2.6% 2025 +1.9 pp −0.7 pp 78 of 195
Central government debt% of GDP 43.1% 2020 * −8.0 pp – –

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 5.6% 2025 +5.9 pp +6.6 pp 39 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 2.0% 2025 −0.7 pp 0.0 pp 170 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 103,742 2025 −1,962 −2,353 193 of 217
Population growth% annual −0.4% 2025 −0.5 pp +0.1 pp 195 of 217
Urban population% of total 21.2% 2025 −0.7 pp −2.1 pp 211 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 73.1 2024 +0.8 +1.3 124 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 7.8 2024 −1.0 −2.0 129 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 7.4% 2023 +1.2 pp +3.2 pp 78 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 99.5% 2023 +8.4 pp +0.1 pp 10 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 5.3% 2022 +0.7 pp – 42 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 67.4% 2024 +15.9 pp +31.5 pp 128 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 100.0% 2024 +1.6 pp +4.1 pp 94 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 27.1 2021 * −6.4 −10.4 –
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 0.4% 2021 * −3.6 pp −3.2 pp –

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 2.3% 2022 +0.3 pp +1.2 pp 178 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 6,838 +2.2 17,730 13,961 267 +1.8% 15% 14%
GDP growth 1.4% +0.6 3.2% 3.6% 2.5 – – –
GDP per person growth 1.7% +0.6 3.2% 3.4% 2.6 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 5,060 +2.6 7,775 7,690 684 +5.0% 19% 16%
Trade 80.6% −0.4 79.8% 98.8% 7.3 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 0.8% +0.7 2.4% 2.1% 2.6 – – –
Central government debt 47.7% −1.7 – – 2.7 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 4.1% +0.4 3.3% 2.1% 3.7 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 2.1% −0.4 5.5% 3.0% 0.3 – – –
Population 105,322 −2.8 6,549,143 1,418,517 569 −0.2% 4% 4%
Population growth −0.2% −0.7 0.5% 0.6% 0.3 – – –
Urban population 22.1% −1.1 65.4% 65.4% 0.9 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 72.2 +2.4 74.5 73.0 0.4 – – –
Infant mortality 8.9 −1.9 11.2 13.9 0.6 – – –
Health spending 5.7% +1.5 6.2% 5.9% 1.1 – – –
Government spending on education 4.9% +1.9 4.1% 4.2% 0.2 – – –
Internet users 49.9% +1.8 82.0% 84.6% 9.8 – – –
Access to electricity 98.8% +0.8 100.0% 100.0% 1.5 – – –
Renewable energy 1.8% +2.1 13.8% 11.4% 0.3 – – –

Compare Tonga with other countries