Indonesia

East Asia & Pacific. Upper middle income. Capital: Jakarta. Population 285,721,236 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)

GDP growth (%)

Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $	15,091	2025	+2,702	+4,197	114 of 199
GDP growth%	5.1%	2025	+7.2 pp	+0.2 pp	47 of 209
GDP per person growth%	4.3%	2025	+7.2 pp	+0.6 pp	39 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$	5,120	2025	+1,270	+1,730	128 of 201
Trade% of GDP	43.4%	2025	+10.4 pp	+1.5 pp	155 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP	1.6%	2025	−0.2 pp	−0.7 pp	119 of 195
Central government debt% of GDP	30.0%	2009 *	+0.3 pp	−15.2 pp	–

Prices and jobs

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual	1.9%	2025	0.0 pp	−4.5 pp	124 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force	3.2%	2025	−1.0 pp	−1.3 pp	139 of 186

People and health

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank
Populationpeople	285,721,236	2025	+10,906,370	+23,921,987	4 of 217
Population growth% annual	0.8%	2025	−0.1 pp	−0.3 pp	115 of 217
Urban population% of total	59.4%	2025	+3.1 pp	+6.2 pp	130 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears	71.3	2024	+0.9	+2.0	146 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births	15.2	2024	−3.3	−7.7	83 of 196
Health spending% of GDP	2.7%	2023	−0.2 pp	−0.2 pp	185 of 193

Education

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+	96.0%	2020 *	+0.8 pp	+3.7 pp	–
Government spending on education% of GDP	1.3%	2023	+0.3 pp	−2.1 pp	164 of 171

Access and infrastructure

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Internet users% of population	72.8%	2024	+25.1 pp	+55.6 pp	117 of 185
Access to electricity% of population	99.9%	2024	+1.1 pp	+2.9 pp	124 of 215

Inequality and poverty

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100	34.4	2025	−0.9	−3.8	40 of 85
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line	3.7%	2025	−6.1 pp	−17.9 pp	25 of 85

Environment and energy

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption	20.2%	2021	−7.6 pp	−12.2 pp	106 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator	Own history		Versus peers (latest)			Growth and catch-up
Indicator	10-yr mean	Z-score	Income group median	Region median	Volatility (σ)	10-yr CAGR	% of high-income median	10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP)	12,585	+2.3	17,730	13,961	1,113	+3.3%	31%	24%
GDP growth	4.2%	+0.4	3.2%	3.6%	2.3	–	–	–
GDP per person growth	3.3%	+0.5	3.2%	3.4%	2.2	–	–	–
GNI per person (Atlas method)	4,031	+1.9	7,775	7,690	565	+4.2%	14%	12%
Trade	40.2%	+0.9	79.8%	98.8%	3.6	–	–	–
Foreign direct investment, net inflows	1.8%	−0.4	2.4%	2.1%	0.5	–	–	–
Inflation, consumer prices	3.3%	−1.1	3.3%	2.1%	1.4	–	–	–
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)	3.9%	−1.4	5.5%	3.0%	0.5	–	–	–
Population	273,129,600	+1.8	6,549,143	1,418,517	7,190,943	+0.9%	9,750%	9,963%
Population growth	0.9%	−0.9	0.5%	0.6%	0.1	–	–	–
Urban population	56.0%	+1.8	65.4%	65.4%	1.9	–	–	–
Life expectancy at birth	69.7	+1.5	74.5	73.0	1.1	–	–	–
Infant mortality	19.0	−1.6	11.2	13.9	2.4	–	–	–
Health spending	3.0%	−1.1	6.2%	5.9%	0.3	–	–	–
Adult literacy rate	94.4%	+1.1	–	–	1.5	–	–	–
Government spending on education	1.7%	−0.4	4.1%	4.2%	1.2	–	–	–
Internet users	43.6%	+1.5	82.0%	84.6%	19.1	–	–	–
Access to electricity	98.3%	+1.5	100.0%	100.0%	1.0	–	–	–
Gini index (inequality)	36.1	−1.7	39.0	34.6	1.0	–	–	–
Poverty headcount ratio	11.6%	−1.5	2.2%	1.3%	5.2	–	–	–
Renewable energy	26.6%	−1.5	13.8%	11.4%	4.2	–	–	–

How the advanced metrics are calculated. Change: latest value minus the value 5 or 10 years earlier, using the nearest observation within two years where the exact year is missing (percentage points for % series). CAGR: (latest ÷ earlier value)^(1 ÷ years between) − 1 over about 10 years, shown only for positive levels such as income and population. Volatility: standard deviation of the 10 observations before the latest. Z-score: how many standard deviations the latest value sits from that 10-year mean. Rank: among countries whose latest value is within 3 years of the newest year for that indicator; 1 is the highest value. Peer medians: the same group of recent values, split by income group, region and world. Share of high-income median: the country's value as a percentage of the median high-income country in the same year, compared with 10 years earlier. A rising share means the country is catching up; it is arithmetic about the past, not a forecast.

Compare Indonesia with other countries

Source. World Bank, World Development Indicators (datacatalog.worldbank.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data retrieved 2026-11-11. Some series are compiled by third parties such as the ILO and UN agencies and are subject to those sources' notes.

Changes made. ECONDEX has calculated all changes, growth rates, volatility, z-scores, ranks, peer medians and charts. The World Bank did not prepare, review or endorse them.

Read with care. The latest figure for each country is often one to three years old and different countries report different years. Some figures are modelled estimates. Ranks compare countries on values from different years and are not judgements of performance. Country names, groupings and boundaries follow World Bank usage and imply no view on the legal status of any territory.

Not advice. For information only. This is not investment, financial, legal or policy advice. Do not rely on it for decisions without checking the source.