ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Ethiopia

Sub-Saharan Africa. Low income. Capital: Addis Ababa. Population 135,472,051 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
807 1,928 3,048 1995 2025 3,095
GDP growth (%)
−3.1 5.1 13.2 1995 2025 9.8
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
−7.4 17.9 43.3 1995 2025 13.2
Life expectancy at birth (years)
48.5 57.9 67.2 1995 2024 67.6

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 3,095 2025 +578 +1,137 180 of 199
GDP growth% 9.8% 2025 +3.7 pp −0.6 pp 6 of 209
GDP per person growth% 7.0% 2025 +3.8 pp −0.5 pp 10 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 1,110 2025 +290 +540 184 of 201
Trade% of GDP 33.5% 2025 +9.5 pp −6.2 pp 174 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 3.0% 2025 +0.6 pp −1.2 pp 72 of 195
Central government debt% of GDP 31.4% 2019 * +4.5 pp – –

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 13.2% 2025 −7.1 pp +3.7 pp 17 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 3.3% 2025 −0.7 pp +0.9 pp 134 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 135,472,051 2025 +16,554,380 +31,604,916 10 of 217
Population growth% annual 2.6% 2025 −0.2 pp −0.1 pp 24 of 217
Urban population% of total 24.1% 2025 +2.5 pp +4.7 pp 207 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 67.6 2024 +1.9 +4.7 170 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 34.5 2024 −6.3 −15.5 36 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 2.8% 2023 −0.5 pp −1.3 pp 183 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 60.5% 2022 +13.0 pp +12.1 pp 76 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 2.3% 2024 −2.2 pp −2.3 pp 150 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 21.9% 2024 +6.0 pp +14.2 pp 173 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 56.6% 2024 +8.6 pp +29.4 pp 190 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 31.1 2021 * −3.9 −2.1 –
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 38.6% 2021 * +5.6 pp +1.2 pp –

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 90.6% 2021 +0.2 pp −3.0 pp 7 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 2,442 +2.2 1,964 3,781 299 +4.7% 6% 4%
GDP growth 7.6% +1.2 5.0% 4.6% 1.8 – – –
GDP per person growth 4.7% +1.3 2.4% 2.5% 1.7 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 817 +1.7 830 1,355 176 +6.9% 3% 2%
Trade 27.9% +0.8 50.2% 59.9% 6.7 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 3.7% −0.5 2.8% 2.0% 1.3 – – –
Central government debt 26.2% +0.7 – – 7.8 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 18.9% −0.6 5.9% 3.5% 9.2 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 3.1% +0.3 4.4% 5.4% 0.6 – – –
Population 117,584,532 +1.9 24,074,580 14,957,094 9,503,315 +2.7% 4,623% 3,953%
Population growth 2.7% −2.4 2.6% 2.3% 0.0 – – –
Urban population 21.5% +1.9 34.5% 44.9% 1.4 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 65.2 +1.7 63.8 64.3 1.4 – – –
Infant mortality 44.7 −2.4 43.0 37.2 4.3 – – –
Health spending 3.5% −1.8 4.9% 4.4% 0.4 – – –
Government spending on education 4.4% −2.8 2.8% 3.3% 0.8 – – –
Internet users 15.6% +2.0 20.5% 36.8% 3.3 – – –
Access to electricity 45.2% +1.1 43.7% 57.8% 10.1 – – –
Renewable energy 91.3% −0.5 76.9% 70.6% 1.4 – – –

Compare Ethiopia with other countries