ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Bhutan

South Asia. Lower middle income. Capital: Thimphu. Population 796,682 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
4,627 10,562 16,497 1995 2025 16,744
GDP growth (%)
−9.7 2.9 15.6 1995 2025 8.0
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
2.6 6.7 10.8 1995 2025 3.6
Life expectancy at birth (years)
59.6 66.3 73.0 1995 2024 73.3

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 16,744 2025 +3,764 +4,344 108 of 199
GDP growth% 8.0% 2025 +18.2 pp +1.3 pp 13 of 209
GDP per person growth% 7.3% 2025 +18.1 pp +1.7 pp 8 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 4,310 2025 +1,270 +1,570 138 of 201
Trade% of GDP 79.4% 2024 +3.2 pp −8.6 pp 97 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 0.2% 2025 +0.4 pp −0.1 pp 168 of 195
Central government debt% of GDP 111.0% 2020 * +30.0 pp +60.1 pp –

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 3.6% 2025 −2.1 pp −1.0 pp 76 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 3.2% 2025 −1.8 pp +0.8 pp 140 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 796,682 2025 +26,676 +56,064 165 of 217
Population growth% annual 0.7% 2025 0.0 pp −0.4 pp 127 of 217
Urban population% of total 43.4% 2025 +3.7 pp +6.7 pp 166 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 73.3 2024 +1.3 +2.8 123 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 13.7 2024 −4.2 −10.7 93 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 4.4% 2023 +1.3 pp +1.1 pp 143 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 64.9% 2022 −1.7 pp +9.6 pp 73 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 5.8% 2023 −0.6 pp +0.7 pp 28 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 91.3% 2024 +17.1 pp +61.0 pp 49 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 100.0% 2024 0.0 pp +8.6 pp 16 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 28.5 2022 −8.9 −10.3 72 of 85
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 0.0% 2022 −2.6 pp −3.6 pp 79 of 85

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 82.5% 2022 +2.8 pp −0.3 pp 12 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 13,833 +3.2 6,095 12,311 920 +3.1% 34% 28%
GDP growth 3.8% +0.8 4.3% 5.6% 5.3 – – –
GDP per person growth 3.0% +0.8 2.7% 5.8% 5.2 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 3,268 +2.7 2,750 3,575 385 +4.6% 12% 10%
Trade 80.3% −0.2 69.0% 44.4% 5.8 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 0.2% +0.2 1.9% 0.7% 0.3 – – –
Central government debt 80.5% +1.9 – – 16.3 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 4.4% −0.5 3.6% 3.1% 1.6 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 3.6% −0.4 5.1% 4.1% 1.2 – – –
Population 767,167 +1.8 12,348,573 25,687,059 16,768 +0.7% 27% 28%
Population growth 0.8% −0.9 1.7% 0.5% 0.1 – – –
Urban population 39.5% +2.1 50.9% 39.1% 1.9 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 71.8 +1.8 67.9 74.1 0.8 – – –
Infant mortality 18.8 −1.5 28.7 18.0 3.4 – – –
Health spending 3.6% +1.6 4.5% 4.0% 0.5 – – –
Government spending on education 6.1% −0.3 4.0% 3.9% 0.9 – – –
Internet users 64.9% +1.2 57.9% 62.3% 21.4 – – –
Access to electricity 98.4% +0.6 88.7% 100.0% 2.9 – – –
Renewable energy 81.5% +0.8 42.5% 41.9% 1.3 – – –

Compare Bhutan with other countries