ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Turkmenistan

Europe & Central Asia. Upper middle income. Capital: Ashgabat. Population 7,618,847 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
4,372 11,691 19,009 1995 2025 19,314
GDP growth (%)
−10.8 2.5 15.9 1995 2025 6.3
Life expectancy at birth (years)
63.6 66.9 70.1 1995 2024 70.2

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 19,314 2025 +3,683 +6,387 98 of 199
GDP growth% 6.3% 2025 +0.4 pp −0.2 pp 31 of 209
GDP per person growth% 4.6% 2025 +0.9 pp +0.5 pp 35 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 6,340 2025 +2,160 +40 115 of 201
Trade% of GDP 28.2% 2025 −1.8 pp −45.1 pp 177 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 1.4% 2025 −3.8 pp −7.1 pp 123 of 195

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 4.3% 2025 −0.2 pp +0.3 pp 115 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 7,618,847 2025 +668,935 +1,403,077 103 of 217
Population growth% annual 1.6% 2025 −0.5 pp −0.6 pp 64 of 217
Urban population% of total 47.1% 2025 +0.1 pp +0.1 pp 156 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 70.2 2024 +0.8 +1.2 153 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 30.4 2024 −3.5 −3.5 46 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 5.5% 2023 −0.1 pp +1.5 pp 119 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 99.9% 2022 – – 5 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 4.3% 2024 +1.2 pp +1.2 pp 80 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 18.0% 2016 * +13.0 pp +16.7 pp –
Access to electricity% of population 100.0% 2024 +0.1 pp 0.0 pp 98 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 40.8 1998 * – – –
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 35.1% 1998 * – – –

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 0.1% 2021 0.0 pp 0.0 pp 206 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 15,488 +2.1 17,730 42,577 1,849 +4.1% 39% 29%
GDP growth 6.3% +0.3 3.2% 2.1% 0.2 – – –
GDP per person growth 4.0% +2.1 3.2% 1.9% 0.2 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 4,978 +1.8 7,775 26,410 755 +0.1% 18% 23%
Trade 42.2% −1.0 79.8% 100.8% 14.0 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 4.6% −1.2 2.4% 1.9% 2.7 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 4.1% +0.8 5.5% 5.6% 0.2 – – –
Population 6,867,342 +1.7 6,549,143 5,827,802 433,332 +2.1% 260% 237%
Population growth 2.1% −2.3 0.5% 0.3% 0.2 – – –
Urban population 47.0% +2.5 65.4% 69.3% 0.0 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 69.3 +2.2 74.5 79.9 0.4 – – –
Infant mortality 33.4 −2.9 11.2 3.4 1.0 – – –
Health spending 5.2% +0.5 6.2% 7.9% 0.6 – – –
Government spending on education 3.4% +1.9 4.1% 4.6% 0.5 – – –
Internet users 5.8% +2.5 – – 5.0 – – –
Access to electricity 100.0% +0.3 100.0% 100.0% 0.0 – – –
Renewable energy 0.1% +0.3 13.8% 19.3% 0.0 – – –

Compare Turkmenistan with other countries