ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Romania

Europe & Central Asia. High income. Capital: Bucharest. Population 19,020,271 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
15,005 27,662 40,319 1995 2025 40,846
GDP growth (%)
−5.2 2.5 10.1 1995 2025 0.7
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
1.6 76.6 151.6 1995 2025 7.2
Life expectancy at birth (years)
69.2 72.7 76.3 1995 2024 76.5

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 40,846 2025 +5,562 +11,664 55 of 199
GDP growth% 0.7% 2025 +4.3 pp −2.5 pp 180 of 209
GDP per person growth% 0.8% 2025 +3.9 pp −2.8 pp 154 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 20,190 2025 +7,470 +10,580 66 of 201
Trade% of GDP 76.2% 2025 −2.1 pp −7.3 pp 105 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 2.2% 2025 +0.7 pp −0.2 pp 96 of 195

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 7.2% 2025 +4.6 pp +7.8 pp 34 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 6.0% 2025 +1.0 pp −0.8 pp 75 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 19,020,271 2025 −244,979 −795,345 67 of 217
Population growth% annual −0.2% 2025 +0.4 pp +0.3 pp 186 of 217
Urban population% of total 52.2% 2025 −0.4 pp −1.5 pp 150 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 76.5 2024 +0.9 +1.5 94 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 6.0 2024 +0.4 −2.3 141 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 5.7% 2023 +0.2 pp +0.5 pp 112 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 99.2% 2021 – +0.6 pp 12 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 3.3% 2022 +0.2 pp +0.5 pp 117 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 91.3% 2024 +17.6 pp +37.2 pp 48 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 100.0% 2024 0.0 pp +1.6 pp 75 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 29.8 2023 −6.0 −7.1 69 of 85
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 0.7% 2023 −3.0 pp −8.0 pp 53 of 85

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 23.6% 2021 −0.8 pp +2.5 pp 97 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 35,615 +1.3 49,305 42,577 3,957 +3.4% 83% 65%
GDP growth 3.3% −0.8 2.2% 2.1% 3.2 – – –
GDP per person growth 3.8% −0.9 1.7% 1.9% 3.3 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 12,973 +2.5 37,020 26,410 2,915 +7.7% 56% 35%
Trade 84.9% −1.8 100.6% 100.8% 4.8 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 2.8% −0.8 2.1% 1.9% 0.8 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 4.5% +0.6 2.3% 3.7% 4.7 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 5.3% +0.8 5.1% 5.6% 0.8 – – –
Population 19,350,089 −1.2 2,930,494 5,827,802 285,999 −0.4% 649% 754%
Population growth −0.4% +1.1 0.4% 0.3% 0.3 – – –
Urban population 52.8% −1.0 81.3% 69.3% 0.6 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 75.0 +1.6 81.3 79.9 0.9 – – –
Infant mortality 6.3 −0.3 3.6 3.4 1.1 – – –
Health spending 5.5% +0.4 8.0% 7.9% 0.5 – – –
Government spending on education 3.2% +0.3 4.5% 4.6% 0.2 – – –
Internet users 71.4% +1.6 93.5% 91.9% 12.8 – – –
Access to electricity 99.6% +0.6 100.0% 100.0% 0.6 – – –
Gini index (inequality) 35.1 −3.9 31.8 31.8 1.3 – – –
Poverty headcount ratio 4.8% −1.5 0.4% 0.4% 2.8 – – –
Renewable energy 23.2% +0.4 11.4% 19.3% 1.1 – – –

Compare Romania with other countries