ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Madagascar

Sub-Saharan Africa. Low income. Capital: Antananarivo. Population 32,740,678 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)
1,492 1,640 1,788 1995 2025 1,668
GDP growth (%)
−12.0 −1.3 9.3 1995 2025 3.0
Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)
−0.7 23.7 48.1 1995 2025 8.1
Life expectancy at birth (years)
55.0 59.3 63.7 1995 2024 63.8

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $ 1,668 2025 +123 +41 193 of 199
GDP growth% 3.0% 2025 +10.1 pp −0.1 pp 114 of 209
GDP per person growth% 0.6% 2025 +10.1 pp +0.1 pp 164 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 560 2025 +110 +90 199 of 201
Trade% of GDP 54.2% 2025 +5.2 pp −7.0 pp 136 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 4.5% 2025 +1.8 pp +1.6 pp 45 of 195

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual 8.1% 2025 +3.9 pp +0.6 pp 30 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 3.0% 2025 −0.3 pp +1.3 pp 145 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 32,740,678 2025 +3,787,122 +7,313,976 49 of 217
Population growth% annual 2.4% 2025 −0.2 pp −0.2 pp 28 of 217
Urban population% of total 32.9% 2025 +2.2 pp +3.7 pp 188 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 63.8 2024 +0.3 +0.6 196 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 43.0 2024 −1.1 −0.8 22 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 3.4% 2023 −0.8 pp −0.3 pp 170 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 74.7% 2021 −2.0 pp +3.1 pp 65 of 86
Government spending on education% of GDP 3.0% 2023 +0.2 pp +1.3 pp 129 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 18.7% 2024 +9.3 pp +15.0 pp 178 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 42.5% 2024 +11.5 pp +19.5 pp 204 of 215

Inequality and poverty

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100 36.8 2021 * – −5.8 –
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line 69.2% 2021 * – +1.9 pp –

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 83.1% 2022 +1.2 pp −0.2 pp 9 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP) 1,635 +0.7 1,964 3,781 49 +0.3% 3% 4%
GDP growth 2.9% 0.0 5.0% 4.6% 3.6 – – –
GDP per person growth 0.3% +0.1 2.4% 2.5% 3.5 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 480 +3.1 830 1,355 26 +1.8% 2% 2%
Trade 61.3% −1.1 50.2% 59.9% 6.2 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 3.4% +1.7 2.8% 2.0% 0.7 – – –
Inflation, consumer prices 7.2% +0.5 5.9% 3.5% 1.7 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 2.7% +0.6 4.4% 5.4% 0.6 – – –
Population 28,627,230 +1.9 24,074,580 14,957,094 2,203,869 +2.6% 1,117% 968%
Population growth 2.6% −2.1 2.6% 2.3% 0.1 – – –
Urban population 30.6% +2.0 34.5% 44.9% 1.1 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 63.2 +1.6 63.8 64.3 0.4 – – –
Infant mortality 43.9 −3.2 43.0 37.2 0.3 – – –
Health spending 4.1% −0.9 4.9% 4.4% 0.8 – – –
Government spending on education 2.7% +0.7 2.8% 3.3% 0.5 – – –
Internet users 9.7% +1.7 20.5% 36.8% 5.4 – – –
Access to electricity 30.4% +1.9 43.7% 57.8% 6.4 – – –
Renewable energy 83.2% −0.1 76.9% 70.6% 1.1 – – –

Compare Madagascar with other countries