Estonia

Europe & Central Asia. High income. Capital: Tallinn. Population 1,366,475 (2025).

Key trends

GDP per person (PPP) (constant international $)

GDP growth (%)

Inflation, consumer prices (% annual)

Life expectancy at birth (years)

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank
GDP per person (PPP)constant international $	41,604	2025	+688	+5,251	53 of 199
GDP growth%	0.6%	2025	+3.5 pp	−1.3 pp	184 of 209
GDP per person growth%	1.0%	2025	+4.1 pp	−0.8 pp	144 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$	32,310	2025	+8,730	+13,410	46 of 201
Trade% of GDP	155.8%	2025	+18.4 pp	+7.3 pp	18 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP	−2.2%	2025	−14.2 pp	+0.9 pp	188 of 195

Prices and jobs

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Inflation, consumer prices% annual	4.8%	2025	+5.3 pp	+5.3 pp	44 of 180
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force	8.3%	2025	+1.4 pp	+1.9 pp	52 of 186

People and health

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank
Populationpeople	1,366,475	2025	+36,953	+51,068	157 of 217
Population growth% annual	−0.4%	2025	−0.6 pp	−0.5 pp	196 of 217
Urban population% of total	70.7%	2025	+0.8 pp	+2.2 pp	86 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears	79.3	2024	+0.6	+2.3	56 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births	1.5	2024	−0.4	−1.1	195 of 196
Health spending% of GDP	7.8%	2024	+1.2 pp	+1.6 pp	65 of 193

Education

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+	99.9%	2011 *	–	+0.1 pp	–
Government spending on education% of GDP	5.2%	2022	+0.3 pp	+0.5 pp	49 of 171

Access and infrastructure

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Internet users% of population	92.2%	2024	+2.0 pp	+8.0 pp	43 of 185
Access to electricity% of population	100.0%	2024	0.0 pp	0.0 pp	30 of 215

Inequality and poverty

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Gini index (inequality)index, 0 to 100	30.7	2023	+0.4	−4.4	63 of 85
Poverty headcount ratio% of population, at the World Bank international poverty line	0.3%	2023	−0.1 pp	−0.8 pp	67 of 85

Environment and energy

Indicator	Latest	Year	5-yr change	10-yr change	Rank	Trend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption	38.0%	2021	+10.8 pp	+12.8 pp	64 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator	Own history		Versus peers (latest)			Growth and catch-up
Indicator	10-yr mean	Z-score	Income group median	Region median	Volatility (σ)	10-yr CAGR	% of high-income median	10 yrs earlier
GDP per person (PPP)	40,717	+0.4	49,305	42,577	2,407	+1.4%	84%	81%
GDP growth	1.9%	−0.4	2.2%	2.1%	3.7	–	–	–
GDP per person growth	1.5%	−0.1	1.7%	1.9%	4.0	–	–	–
GNI per person (Atlas method)	23,595	+2.2	37,020	26,410	3,931	+5.5%	90%	69%
Trade	150.4%	+0.5	100.6%	100.8%	11.2	–	–	–
Foreign direct investment, net inflows	6.2%	−1.1	2.1%	1.9%	8.0	–	–	–
Inflation, consumer prices	4.5%	+0.1	2.3%	3.7%	6.0	–	–	–
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)	6.2%	+2.4	5.1%	5.6%	0.9	–	–	–
Population	1,334,938	+1.5	2,930,494	5,827,802	21,541	+0.4%	47%	50%
Population growth	0.4%	−1.6	0.4%	0.3%	0.6	–	–	–
Urban population	69.7%	+1.3	81.3%	69.3%	0.8	–	–	–
Life expectancy at birth	77.9	+2.1	81.3	79.9	0.7	–	–	–
Infant mortality	2.0	−1.6	3.6	3.4	0.3	–	–	–
Health spending	6.8%	+2.1	8.0%	7.9%	0.5	–	–	–
Government spending on education	5.0%	+0.7	4.5%	4.6%	0.3	–	–	–
Internet users	89.2%	+1.2	93.5%	91.9%	2.5	–	–	–
Access to electricity	100.0%	–	100.0%	100.0%	0.0	–	–	–
Gini index (inequality)	32.0	−0.8	31.8	31.8	1.7	–	–	–
Poverty headcount ratio	0.6%	−1.2	0.4%	0.4%	0.3	–	–	–
Renewable energy	28.3%	+2.1	11.4%	19.3%	4.7	–	–	–

How the advanced metrics are calculated. Change: latest value minus the value 5 or 10 years earlier, using the nearest observation within two years where the exact year is missing (percentage points for % series). CAGR: (latest ÷ earlier value)^(1 ÷ years between) − 1 over about 10 years, shown only for positive levels such as income and population. Volatility: standard deviation of the 10 observations before the latest. Z-score: how many standard deviations the latest value sits from that 10-year mean. Rank: among countries whose latest value is within 3 years of the newest year for that indicator; 1 is the highest value. Peer medians: the same group of recent values, split by income group, region and world. Share of high-income median: the country's value as a percentage of the median high-income country in the same year, compared with 10 years earlier. A rising share means the country is catching up; it is arithmetic about the past, not a forecast.

Compare Estonia with other countries

Source. World Bank, World Development Indicators (datacatalog.worldbank.org), licensed under CC BY 4.0. Data retrieved 2026-11-11. Some series are compiled by third parties such as the ILO and UN agencies and are subject to those sources' notes.

Changes made. ECONDEX has calculated all changes, growth rates, volatility, z-scores, ranks, peer medians and charts. The World Bank did not prepare, review or endorse them.

Read with care. The latest figure for each country is often one to three years old and different countries report different years. Some figures are modelled estimates. Ranks compare countries on values from different years and are not judgements of performance. Country names, groupings and boundaries follow World Bank usage and imply no view on the legal status of any territory.

Not advice. For information only. This is not investment, financial, legal or policy advice. Do not rely on it for decisions without checking the source.