ECONDEX

Economic and development data for every country, explained with the numbers checked.

Cuba

Latin America & Caribbean. Upper middle income. Capital: Havana. Population 10,937,203 (2025).

Key trends

GDP growth (%)
−10.5 0.6 11.6 1995 2024 −1.1
Life expectancy at birth (years)
73.3 75.7 78.2 1995 2024 78.3

Indicators

Each country reports for different years, so check the year beside every figure. Rank 1 is the highest value among countries with recent data.

Economy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
GDP growth% −1.1% 2024 −0.9 pp −2.1 pp 199 of 209
GDP per person growth% −0.7% 2024 −0.8 pp −1.9 pp 187 of 209
GNI per person (Atlas method)current US$ 9,010 2019 * +2,160 +3,930 –
Trade% of GDP 124.9% 2024 +102.0 pp +85.6 pp 38 of 183
Foreign direct investment, net inflows% of GDP 0.0% 2020 * +0.1 pp 0.0 pp –

Prices and jobs

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate)% of labour force 1.7% 2025 −0.5 pp −0.7 pp 172 of 186

People and health

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Populationpeople 10,937,203 2025 −239,151 −337,862 87 of 217
Population growth% annual −0.4% 2025 −0.2 pp −0.3 pp 194 of 217
Urban population% of total 77.2% 2025 +0.1 pp +0.4 pp 70 of 217
Life expectancy at birthyears 78.3 2024 +0.9 +0.4 66 of 217
Infant mortalityper 1,000 live births 6.8 2024 +1.4 +2.0 139 of 196
Health spending% of GDP 9.4% 2023 −1.6 pp −1.0 pp 38 of 193

Education

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Adult literacy rate% of people aged 15+ 97.7% 2019 * −2.0 pp – –
Government spending on education% of GDP 8.4% 2022 0.0 pp −3.1 pp 5 of 171

Access and infrastructure

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Internet users% of population 70.5% 2024 +2.5 pp +41.4 pp 121 of 185
Access to electricity% of population 100.0% 2024 +0.2 pp +1.3 pp 111 of 215

Environment and energy

IndicatorLatestYear 5-yr change10-yr change RankTrend
Renewable energy% of final energy consumption 20.9% 2021 +1.7 pp +1.7 pp 103 of 212

* Latest figure is too old to be included in rankings or peer medians.

Advanced metrics

Indicator Own history Versus peers (latest) Growth and catch-up
10-yr meanZ-score Income group medianRegion medianVolatility (σ) 10-yr CAGR% of high-income median10 yrs earlier
GDP growth 0.0% −0.3 3.2% 3.2% 4.2 – – –
GDP per person growth 0.3% −0.2 3.2% 2.2% 4.2 – – –
GNI per person (Atlas method) 6,694 +1.9 – – 1,219 +5.9% 29% 18%
Trade 48.4% +2.1 79.8% 74.0% 36.1 – – –
Foreign direct investment, net inflows 0.0% +0.2 – – 0.2 – – –
Unemployment (modelled ILO estimate) 1.9% −0.7 5.5% 6.0% 0.3 – – –
Population 11,157,653 −2.1 6,549,143 3,010,956 106,576 −0.3% 373% 429%
Population growth −0.3% −0.7 0.5% 0.5% 0.2 – – –
Urban population 77.0% +1.9 65.4% 72.0% 0.1 – – –
Life expectancy at birth 77.2 +0.8 74.5 75.7 1.4 – – –
Infant mortality 5.5 +2.2 11.2 12.0 0.6 – – –
Health spending 11.9% −2.6 6.2% 6.8% 1.0 – – –
Government spending on education 9.6% −1.0 4.1% 3.9% 1.2 – – –
Internet users 57.3% +0.9 82.0% 79.9% 15.3 – – –
Access to electricity 99.6% +0.9 100.0% 99.8% 0.5 – – –
Renewable energy 21.4% −0.2 13.8% 12.8% 2.3 – – –

Compare Cuba with other countries